Analytical exposition
Opportunity in the Global Financial Crisis
US. financial crisis and its contagion to Europe and the rest of the world could also create new opportunity for Indonesia in term of foreign direc investment and the development of basic infrastructure.
As the US. financial crisis has now spread to Europe, the oil-rich countries such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Arab Emirate which have accumulated hundreds of billion of Dollars in their foreign reserve, are now reviewing their holding or investment vehicle. They are looking for more diversified investment outside the US and Europe.
Because of unfavorable political developments in Thailand and Malaysia over the past few months, Indonesia which has largely Muslim population could become one of these oil-rich countries' favorite place for foreign direct investment. That wil be true if the conditions, legal and market infrastructure are conducive for Islamic financial instruments.
The government had improved the legal framework with the recent actment of laws on sharia banking and bonds. The long term nature of Islamic bonds could make them the most suitable investment instrument for Indonesia, as these bonds grant an investor a share in an asset along with the cash flows and risks commensurate with such ownership.
The financial crisis that has gripped the globe and weakening economic growth in the rest of the world will serve to the government to accelerate the investment reform measures in order to grab the hidden opportunity in the global crisis.
Laptop as Students' Friend
Conventionally, students need book, pen, eraser, drawing book, ruler and such other stuff. Additionally, in this multimedia era, students need more to reach their progressive development. Students need mobile keyboards to record every presented subject easily. Of course it will need more cost but it will deserve for its function.
First, modern schools tend to apply fast transferring knowledge because the school needs to catch the target of curriculum. Every subject will tend to be given in demonstrative method. Consequently students need extra media cover the subject. Since there is a laptop on every students' desk, this method will help student to get better understanding.
Secondly, finding an appropriate laptop is not difficult as it was. Recently there is an online shop which provides comprehensive information. The best is that the shop has service of online shopping. The students just need to brows that online shop, decide which computer or laptop they need, then complete the transaction. After that the laptop will be delivered to the students' houses. That is really easy and save time and money.
From all of that, having mobile computer is absolutely useful for students who want to catch the best result for their study. Buying laptop online is advisable because it will cut the price. This online way is recommended since online shop also provide several laptop types. Students just need to decide which type they really need.

Narrative

Queen of Arabia and Three Sheiks
Maura, who like to be thought of as the most beautiful and powerful queen of Arabia, had many suitors. One by one she discarded them, until her list was reduced to just three sheiks. The three sheiks were all equally young and handsome. They were also rich and strong. It was very hard to decide who would be the best of them.
One evening, Maura disguised herself and went to the camp of the three sheiks. As they were about to have dinner, Maura asked them for something to eat. The first gave her some left over food. The second Sheik gave her some unappetizing camel’s tail. The third sheik, who was called Hakim, offered her some of the most tender and tasty meat. After dinner, the disguised queen left the sheik’s camp.
The following day, the queen invited the three sheiks to dinner at her palace. She ordered her servant to give each one exactly what they had given her the evening before. Hakim, who received a plate of delicious meat, refused to eat it if the other two sheiks could not share it with him.
This Sheik Hakim’s act finally convinced Queen Maura that he was the man for her. “Without question, Hakim is the most generous of you” she announced her choice to the sheiks. “So it is Hakim I will marry”.


The Legend of Toba Lake
Once upon time, there was a handsome man. His name was Batara Guru Sahala. He liked fishing. One day, he caught a fish. He was surprised to find out that the fish could talk. The fish begged him to set it free.
Batara Guru could not bear it. He made the fish free. As soon as it was free, the fish changed into a very beautiful woman. She attracted Batara Guru so much. He felt in love with that fish-woman. The woman wanted to marry with him and said that Batara Guru had to keep the secret which she had been a fish. Batara Guru aggreed and promised that he would never tell anybody about it.
They were married happily. They had two daughters. One day Batara Guru got very angry with his daughter. He could not control his mad. He shouted angrily and got the word of fish to his daugters. The daughters were crying. They found their mother and talked her about it.
The mother was very annoyed. Batara Guru broke his promise. The mother was shouting angrily. Then the earth began to shake. Volcanoes started to erupt. The earth formed a very big hole. People believed that the big hole became a lake. Then this lake is known as Toba lake.

Hortatory text

Watch your Kids While Watching TV
Television becomes one of the most important devices which takes place in almost houses. It can unite all members of the family as well as separate them. However, is it important to know what your kids are watching? The answer is, of course, absolutely "Yes" and that should be done by all parents. Television can expose things you have tried to protect the children from, especially violence, pornography, consumerism and so on.
Recently, a study demonstrated that spending too much time on watching TV during the day or at bedtime often cause bed-time disruption, stress, and short sleep duration.
Another research found that there is a significant relationship between the amount of time spent for watching television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the possibility of being aggressive.
Meanwhile, many studies have identified a relationship between kids who watch TV a lot and being inactive and overweight.
Considering some facts mentioning above, protect your children with the following tips:
• Limit television viewing to one-two hours each day
• Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their own bedrooms
• Review the rating of TV shows which your children watch
• Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening in the show


Where should be after High School?
The National examination result will be publicly enounced in next short time. Euphoria will flood for those who get success. In the other hand, It will be sorry to hear that there are some of them do not succeed in their national final examination. For those who succeed soon will think to decide; where will they be after graduating high school? Actually it will be easy to decide for those has been arranged and thought earlier but for those have not planed yet, it will be quite confusing.
Continuing study or looking for work is the primary choice among them. When they think about continuing study, they will think hard about the time and cost. How long the higher study will last? And how high is about the cost. In the same way, when they think about straightly seeking job, what skill and competence they have got is a big matter of questioning. So, doing both choices in the same time is an alternative.
Continuing study as well as seeking job is possibly done but it will be hard for them. Conventionally studying in the university needs much time to spend especially in the first year. It is true because they have to do and adapt a lot of things in their new higher school. it will be very hard to looking for job. Therefore it should come to their mind of continuing studying at higher school from their own home. As result, the available time will be more flexible for them. Then it will be very possible to seek job and get the appropriate one. This type of studying is publicly known as distance learning.
As the alternative method of studying, besides the conventional studying which students and the lecturer have to meet in the fixed time and place regularly, distance learning provides possibility to grow better. Possibly working and studying surely will create high quality graduate. Distance learning should appear as a considerable choice for them.

Spoof
“That Phone is Off”
Soon after he left college, Dave found one of his uncles who was very rich and had no children of his own died and left him a lot of money, so he decided to set up his own real estate agency.
Dave found a nice office. He bought some new furniture and moved in. he had only been there for e few hours when he heard someone coming toward the door of his office.
“It must be my first customer” Dave thought. He quickly picked up the telephone and pretended to be very busy answering an important call from someone in New York who wanted to buy a big and expensive house in the country.
The man knocked at the door while this was going on. He came in and waited politely for Dave to finish his conversation on the phone. Then the man said to Dave; “I am from the telephone company and I was sent here to connect your telephone”



Nasreddin’s Coat

One day Nasreddin had been invited to the dinner party. He went to the party by wearing old clothes.
When he arrived in the party, nobody looked at him and nobody gave him a seat. He got no food in the party so he went home and change his clothes
Next he put on his best clothes. He wore his newest coat and went to the party again. The host at once got up and came to meet him. The host offered him the best table and gave him a good seat and served him the best food
Nasreddin sat and put off his coat. He put his coat and said; “Eat the food, Coat!” the hosts and guests were very surprised and asked Nareddin; “What are doing?” Nasreddin replied calmly; “When I came here with my old clothes, nobody looked at me. Then I went home and put on my best clothes. I came back in my newest coat and you all give me this best food and drink. So, you give food to my coat instead of me”. Getting Nasreddin's answer, they just shook the head.

Recount text
Vacation to London
Mr. Richard’s family was on vacation. They are Mr. and Mrs. Richard with two sons. They went to London. They saw their travel agent and booked their tickets. They went to the British Embassy to get visas to enter Britain. They had booked fourteen days tour. This includes travel and accommodation. They also included tours around London
They boarded a large Boeing flight. The flight was nearly fourteen hours. On the plane the cabin crews were very friendly. They gave them news paper and magazine to read. They gave them food and drink. There was a film for their entertainment. They had a very pleasant flight. They slept part of the way.
On arrival at Heathrow Airport, they had to go to Customs and Immigration. The officers were pleasant. They checked the document carefully but their manners were very polite. Mr. Richard and his family collected their bags and went to London Welcome Desk. They arranged the transfer to a hotel.
The hotel was a well-known four-star hotel. The room had perfect view of the park. The room had its own bathroom and toilet. Instead of keys for the room, they inserted a key-card to open the door. On the third floor, there was a restaurant serving Asian and European food. They had variety of food.
The two week in London went by fast. At the end of the 14-day, they were quite tired but they felt very happy.

Visiting Bali
There were so many places to see in Bali that my friend decided to join the tours to see as much as possible. My friend stayed in Kuta on arrival. He spent the first three days swimming and surfing on Kuta beach. He visited some tour agents and selected two tours. The first one was to Singaraja, the second was to Ubud.
On the day of the tour, he was ready. My friend and his group drove on through mountains. Singaraja is a city of about 90 thousands people. It is a busy but quiet town. The street are lined with trees and there are many old Dutch houses. Then they returned very late in the evening to Kuta.
The second tour to Ubud was a very different tour. It was not to see the scenery but to see the art and the craft of the island. The first stop was at Batubulan, a center of stone sculpture. There my friend watched young boys were carving away at big blocks of stone. The next stop was Celuk, a center for silversmiths and goldensmiths. After that he stopped a little while for lunch at Sukawati and on to mass. Mass is a tourist center
My friend ten-day-stay ended very quickly beside his two tour, all his day was spent on the beach. He went sailing or surfboarding every day. He was quiet satisfied.

Explanation Text
Tsunami
The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means harbour ("tsu") and wave ("nami"). A tsunamigk is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or the sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale.
A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries.
Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunamis, and occur where denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates.
As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.
Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.

Anecdote
How Day and Night Happen
The sun seems to rise in the morning, crosses the sky during the day and sets at night. However the sun does not actually move around the earth. Earth's turning on its axis makes it look as if the sun is moves.
The earth makes a complete turn on its axis for 24 hours. It is called as rotation. It causes day and night. The earth also moves around the sun. It takes 365 days or a year. This process is called revolution. The revolution process causes the changes of the season

Blessing behind Tragedy
There was a black family in Scotland years ago. They were Clark family with nine children. They had a dream to go to America. The family worked and saved. They were making plan to travel with their children to America. It had taken several years but finally they had saved enough money. They had gotten passport. They had booked seats for the whole family member in a new liner to America.
The entire family was full of anticipation and excitement with their new life in America. However few days before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy. Because of the possibility of getting rabies, there were being quarantined for long days. They were in quarantine when the departure time came. The family dreams were dashed. They could not make the trip to America as they had planned.
The father was full of disappointed and anger. He stomped the dock to watch the ship leaved without him and his family. He shed tears of disappointment. He cursed both his son and God for the misfortune.
Five days latter, the tragic news spread throughout Scotland. The ship, the mighty Titanic, had shank. It took hundreds of passenger and crew with it. Titanic which had been called the unsinkable ship had sunk. It was unbelievable but it was.
The Clak family should have been on that ship, but because of the bitten son by a dog, they were left behind. When the father heard the news, he hugged the son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked God for saving their lives. It was a blessing behind a tragedy.

NARRATIVE TEXT
a. Philosophical Concepts of Narrative
There are thirteen kinds of genre which we know: Descriptive, Spoof, Anecdote, Explanation, Hortatory Exposition, News item, Review, Narrative, Recount, discussion, procedure, report and Analytical Exposition. Here, the writer will explain about Narrative from the social function, generic structure, lexicogarammatical feature, and the example with the analyze.
There are many types of narrative. They can be imaginary, factual or a combination of both. They may include fairy stories, mysteries, science fiction, romances, horror stories, adventure stories, fables, myths and legends, historical narratives, ballads, slice of life, personal experience.
1. Social Function
The basic purpose of narrative is to entertain, to amuse, to gain and hold a readers' interest. However, narratives can also be written to teach or inform, to change attitudes / social opinions eg. soap operas and television dramas that are used to raise topical issues. Narratives sequence people / characters in time and place but differ from recounts in that through the sequencing, the stories set up one or more problems, which must eventually find a way to be resolved. A narrative text describes an event, feeling or experience in story form or in the order the details of the event happened. A narrative is a story.
Notes:
It is important to know that the social function of the narrative text is to inform and entertain. Narrative text will tell the story with amusing way. Narrative text is written based on life experience. In literary term, experience is what we do, feel, hear, read, even what we dream. There are some genres of literary text which fit to be classified as the narrative text. Some of them are:
• Folktales, it includes fables, legend, myth, or realistic tales
• Mysteries, fantasy, science or realistic fiction
Commonly, narrative text is organized by the story of grammar. It will be beginning, middle and end of the story. To build this story grammar, narrative text need plot. This plot will determine the quality of the story. Plot is a series of episodes which holds the reader’ attention while they are reading the story.
Conflict is the main important element of the plot. This conflict among the characters will drive the story progress. In this conflict, readers will be shown how the characters face the problem and how they have ability to handle that problem.
2. Generic structure
Generic structure of Narrative text can divided into two kinds. That in traditional structure and modern structure. Traditional structure and modern structure has difference and the same. The difference between traditional structure and modern structure is in traditional structure, the generic structure including orientation, complication or problem, and resolution. But, in modern ones, narrative has some generic structure, including orientation, evaluation, complication, resolution and re-orientation. The same is both of traditional and modern has same meaning to explain the generic structure.
● Traditional structure of Narrative text
Orientation: (introduction) in which the characters, setting and time of the story are established. Usually answers who? when? where?
Complication or problem: The complication usually involves the main character(s) (often mirroring the complications in real life).
Resolution: There needs to be a resolution of the complication. The complication may be resolved for better or worse/happily or unhappily. Sometimes there are a number of complications that have to be resolved. These add and sustain interest and suspense for the reader.
● Modern structure of Narrative text
Orientation: sets the scene and introduce the participants. Usually position of orientation is in first paragraph which tell the background of the story, introduce the participant about the story.
Evaluation: is a stepping back to evaluate the plight. It means that this evaluation evaluate all of the story.
Complication: is place that a crises arises.
Resolution: The crises is resolves for better or for worse.
Re-orientation: is an optional or the conclusion of the story.
3. Lexicogrammatical Features
● Focus on specific and usually individualized participants. Specific participant is a word indicating a specific agent not general, such as, he, she, the girl, and etc.
● Use of Material Processes. Material processes are verb that show activities which can be seen. Such as, walk, write, sing and etc. But in Narrative we use verb II, such as, walked, wrote, sang, and etc.
● Use of Relational processes and mental process. Relational processes a verb which relates the subject and the object or complement of the sentence. Mental processes those of sensing, the other main category.
Use of Temporal Conjunction which is a word op phrase indicating order of event, for example next, then, the next day, and etc
4. Examples and analyze of the Narrative
First example:
SNOW WHITE
Once upon time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her aunt and uncle because her parents were dead. One day, she heard her uncle and aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White. Snow White did not want her aunt and uncle to do this. So, Snow White decided ran away from her castle. The next morning, she ran away when her aunt and uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods. She very tired and hungry. Then, she saw little cottage. She knocked the door but no one answered. So, she went inside and fell asleep. Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home form work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then, Snow White woke up, she saw the dwarfs. Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and she and the seven dwarfs live happily ever after.



An General structure’s Analysis of SNOW WHITE
Title SNOW WHITE
Orientation Once upon time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her aunt and uncle because her parents were dead.
Major complication One day, she heard her uncle and aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.
Resolution 1 Snow White did not want her aunt and uncle to do this. So, Snow White decided ran away from her castle. The next morning, she ran away when her aunt and uncle were having breakfast. She ran away inti the woods.
Complication 2 Then, she saw little cottage. She knocked the door but no one answered. So, she went inside and fell asleep.
Resolution 2 Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home form work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then, Snow White woke up, she saw the dwarfs.
Re-orientation Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and she and the seven dwarfs live happily ever after.
Second Example:



CINDERELLA
Once upon a time there was a beautiful girl called Cinderella. She lived with her stepsisters and her stepmother. They were very bossy. Cinderella had to do the housework.
One day an invitation to the ball (pesta dansa) came to her family. Her stepsisters would not let her go. Cinderella was very sad. Her stepsisters went to the ball without her.
Fortunately, the fairy Godmother came and helped her get to the ball. At the ball, Cinderella danced with the prince and the prince fell in love with her. They were love each other and married. They lived happily ever after.
An generic structure’s Analysis of CINDERELLA
Title CINDERELLA
Orientation Once upon a time there was a beautiful girl called Cinderella. She lived with her stepsisters and her stepmother.
Evaluation They were very bossy. Cinderella had to do the housework.
Complication One day an invitation to the ball (pesta dansa) came to her family. Her stepsisters would not let her go. Cinderella was very sad. Her stepsisters went to the ball without her.
Resolution Fortunately, the fairy Godmother came and helped her get to the ball.
Re-orientation At the ball, Cinderella danced with the prince and the prince fell in love with her. They were love each other and married. They lived happily ever after.

b. Why Narrative text is used in teaching learning process?
Narrative and stories in education have been the focus of increasing attention in recent years. The idea of narrative is fertile ground for adult educators who know intuitively the value of stories in teaching and learning. Narrative is deeply appealing and richly satisfying to the human soul, with an allure that transcends cultures, centuries, ideologies, and academic disciplines. In connection with adult education, narrative can be understood as an orientation that carries with it implications for both method and content. This Digest presents a brief overview of a narrative orientation to teaching and learning and then explores how stories and autobiographical writing promote learning.
The use of stories is pervasive in adult education practice. Case studies, critical incidents, role playing, and simulations are among the story-based techniques mentioned frequently in the literature (e.g., Taylor, Marienau, and Fiddler 2000). Storytelling is perhaps particularly prominent in literacy, English as a second language, and transformative education (e.g., Cranton 1997; Mezirow 1990). Wiessner's (2001) recent inquiry into the use of narrative activities among emancipator adult educators underscores the prevalence and complexity of such activities. Teacher stories are increasingly used in teacher formation and continuing education curricula (e.g., McEwen and Egan 1995). In short, stories are widely employed as a powerful medium of teaching and learning. But how do stories foster learning? The following discussion highlights selected concepts and practices that may help to clarify the dynamics of story-power in adult education.
Stories are effective as educational tools because they are believable, remember able, and entertaining (Neuhauser 1993). The believability stems from the fact that stories deal with human or human-like experience that we tend to perceive as an authentic and credible source of knowledge. Stories make information more remember able because they involve us in the actions and intentions of the characters. In so doing, stories invite--indeed demand--active meaning making. Bruner (1986) explains that the story develops the "landscape of action" and the "landscape of consciousness"--the element of human intention. As audience, we are engaged with the story on both levels, and it is through this dual involvement that we enter into the minds of the characters and into the deeper meaning of the story. We must fill in, from our own store of knowing, that which is unspoken. In so doing, we create as well as discover meaning, and we pose the questions we ourselves need to answer.
● This text very important because its purpose to present a view of the world that entertain or inform the readers or listener.
● This text can be a refreshed and make students feel calm down after get many lesson in theist class because this text tell something or give story.

c. Between Narrative and Recount
Something which happened in the past is the main resource to compose both narrative and recount text. The easiest way to catch the difference is analyzing the generic structure. Recount presents the past experiences in order of time or place. In simple way, recount describes series of events in detail. It does not expose the struggle on how to make them happen. The event happened smoothly. On the other hand, narrative introduces the crises / complications and how to solve them.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Oxford Learner’s Pocked Dictionary. 1991. Oxford University Press
Team Communicative Competence. 2006. CV Kurnia Agung Jombang